IS

Venkatesh, Viswanath

Topic Weight Topic Terms
3.595 model use theory technology intention information attitude acceptance behavioral behavior intentions research understanding systems continuance
2.233 model research data results study using theoretical influence findings theory support implications test collected tested
1.034 job employees satisfaction work role turnover employee organizations organizational information ambiguity characteristics personnel stress professionals
0.981 expectations expectation music disconfirmation sales analysis vector experiences modeling response polynomial surface discuss panel new
0.908 usage use self-efficacy social factors individual findings influence organizations beliefs individuals support anxiety technology workplace
0.847 perceived usefulness acceptance use technology ease model usage tam study beliefs intention user intentions users
0.811 implementation erp enterprise systems resource planning outcomes support business associated understanding benefits implemented advice key
0.753 satisfaction information systems study characteristics data results using user related field survey empirical quality hypotheses
0.701 web site sites content usability page status pages metrics browsing design use web-based guidelines results
0.645 network networks social analysis ties structure p2p exchange externalities individual impact peer-to-peer structural growth centrality
0.616 adoption diffusion technology adopters innovation adopt process information potential innovations influence new characteristics early adopting
0.548 capabilities capability firm firms performance resources business information technology firm's resource-based competitive it-enabled view study
0.457 validity reliability measure constructs construct study research measures used scale development nomological scales instrument measurement
0.429 systems information research theory implications practice discussed findings field paper practitioners role general important key
0.425 relationships relationship relational information interfirm level exchange relations perspective model paper interpersonal expertise theory study
0.422 health healthcare medical care patient patients hospital hospitals hit health-care telemedicine systems records clinical practices
0.415 capital social ict communication rural icts cognitive society information well-being relational india societal empirically create
0.388 mobile telecommunications devices wireless application computing physical voice phones purchases ubiquitous applications conceptualization secure pervasive
0.360 qualitative methods quantitative approaches approach selection analysis criteria used mixed methodological aspects recent selecting combining
0.343 standards interorganizational ios standardization standard systems compatibility effects cooperation firms industry benefits open interoperability key
0.321 field work changes new years time change major period year end use past early century
0.319 performance results study impact research influence effects data higher efficiency effect significantly findings impacts empirical
0.318 theory theories theoretical paper new understanding work practical explain empirical contribution phenomenon literature second implications
0.315 service services delivery quality providers technology information customer business provider asp e-service role variability science
0.305 research study different context findings types prior results focused studies empirical examine work previous little
0.293 integration present offer processes integrating current discuss perspectives related quality literature integrated benefits measures potential
0.285 project projects failure software commitment escalation cost factors study problem resources continue prior escalate overruns
0.285 factors success information critical management implementation study factor successful systems support quality variables related results
0.281 use support information effective behaviors work usage examine extent users expertise uses longitudinal focus routine
0.278 role roles gender differences women significant play age men plays sample differ played vary understand
0.271 development life cycle prototyping new stages routines stage design experiences traditional time sdlc suggested strategies
0.256 countries global developing technology international country developed national economic policy domestic study foreign globalization world
0.255 customer customers crm relationship study loyalty marketing management profitability service offer retention it-enabled web-based interactions
0.246 software development process performance agile processes developers response tailoring activities specific requirements teams quality improvement
0.234 effect impact affect results positive effects direct findings influence important positively model data suggest test
0.232 digital divide use access artifacts internet inequality libraries shift library increasingly everyday societies understand world
0.224 motivation intrinsic theory social extrinsic expectancy motivations motivate usage enjoyment rewards consequences reciprocity organizational motivational
0.224 research study influence effects literature theoretical use understanding theory using impact behavior insights examine influences
0.224 business digital strategy value transformation economy technologies paper creation digitization strategies environment focus net-enabled services
0.216 research researchers framework future information systems important present agenda identify areas provide understanding contributions using
0.209 process business reengineering processes bpr redesign paper research suggests provide past improvements manage enable organizations
0.204 research studies issues researchers scientific methodological article conducting conduct advanced rigor researcher methodology practitioner issue
0.201 technology research information individual context acceptance use technologies suggests need better personality factors new traits
0.200 offshore offshoring client projects locations organizational vendor extra cultural problems services home sites two-stage arrangements
0.192 characteristics experience systems study prior effective complexity deal reveals influenced companies type analyze having basis
0.179 cultural culture differences cross-cultural states united status national cultures japanese studies japan influence comparison versus
0.169 methods information systems approach using method requirements used use developed effective develop determining research determine
0.163 personal computers use lead order using users pcs innovativeness understanding professional help forces gained usage
0.157 response responses different survey questions results research activities respond benefits certain leads two-stage interactions study
0.157 online evidence offline presence empirical large assurance likely effect seal place synchronous population sites friends
0.151 participation activities different roles projects examined outcomes level benefits conditions key importance isd suggest situations
0.150 role relationship positively light important understanding related moderating frequency intensity play stronger shed contribution past
0.149 users user new resistance likely benefits potential perspective status actual behavior recognition propose user's social
0.146 institutional pressures logic theory normative embedded context incumbent contexts forces inertia institutionalized environment pressure identify
0.146 skills professionals skill job analysts managers study results need survey differences jobs different significantly relative
0.143 research information systems science field discipline researchers principles practice core methods area reference relevance conclude
0.142 control controls formal systems mechanisms modes clan informal used internal literature outsourced outcome theory configuration
0.139 high low level levels increase associated related characterized terms study focus weak hand choose general
0.132 services service network effects optimal online pricing strategies model provider provide externalities providing base providers
0.130 using subjects results study experiment did conducted task time used experienced use preference experimental presented
0.130 evaluation effectiveness assessment evaluating paper objectives terms process assessing criteria evaluations methodology provides impact literature
0.127 governance relational mechanisms bpo rights process coordination outsourcing contractual arrangements technology benefits view informal business
0.123 training learning outcomes effectiveness cognitive technology-mediated end-user methods environments longitudinal skills performance using effective method
0.123 results study research information studies relationship size variables previous variable examining dependent increases empirical variance
0.121 collaboration support collaborative facilitation gss process processes technology group organizations engineering groupware facilitators use work
0.116 app brand mobile apps paid utility facebook use consumption users brands effects activities categories patterns
0.116 instrument measurement factor analysis measuring measures dimensions validity based instruments construct measure conceptualization sample reliability
0.104 online consumers consumer product purchase shopping e-commerce products commerce website electronic results study behavior experience
0.103 assimilation beliefs belief confirmation aggregation initial investigate observed robust particular comparative circumstances aggregated tendency factors
0.101 values culture relationship paper proposes mixed responsiveness revealed specific considers deployment results fragmentation simultaneously challenges
0.100 development systems methodology methodologies information framework approach approaches paper analysis use presented applied assumptions based

Focal Researcher     Coauthors of Focal Researcher (1st degree)     Coauthors of Coauthors (2nd degree)

Note: click on a node to go to a researcher's profile page. Drag a node to reallocate. Number on the edge is the number of co-authorships.

Brown, Susan A. 7 Bala, Hillol 5 Sykes, Tracy Ann 5 Goyal, Sandeep 3
Maruping, Likoebe M. 3 Morris, Michael G. 3 Thong, James Y. L. 3 Agarwal, Ritu 2
Rai, Arun 2 Xu, Xin 2 Zhang, Xiaojun 2 Aljafari, Ruba 1
Chan, Frank K. Y. 1 Davis, Gordon B. 1 Davis, Fred D. 1 Dennis, Alan R. 1
Gosain, Sanjay 1 Hu, Paul J. H. 1 Hoehle, Hartmut 1 Joglekar, Supreet 1
Ramesh, V. 1 Setia, Pankaj 1
technology adoption 6 Technology Acceptance Model 5 adoption 4 social networks 4
business process 3 Usability 3 household 2 interorganizational relationships 2
job characteristics 2 job performance 2 process standards 2 polynomial modeling 2
response surface analysis 2 system use 2 TAM 2 technology acceptance 2
Theory of planned behavior 2 User acceptance 2 Anxiety 1 assimilation 1
agile methodologies 1 agility 1 agency theory 1 behavior 1
Behavioral expectation 1 behavioral intention 1 business value of IT 1 brand equity 1
control theory 1 cognitive dissonance theory 1 cycle time 1 culture 1
consumer 1 customer orientation 1 customer response 1 Customer service 1
complementarity 1 channel expansion theory 1 collaboration technologies 1 customization 1
customer loyalty 1 citizen satisfaction 1 continued use 1 deployment 1
digital divide 1 difference scores 1 direct measures 1 disconfirmation 1
Enjoyment 1 economic benefits 1 ERP systems 1 expectation disconfirmation theory 1
enterprise system implementation 1 Expectations 1 e-services 1 electronic government 1
firm dominance 1 Facilitating conditions 1 gender differences 1 get-advice 1
give-advice 1 Heuristic Evaluation 1 Human-Computer Interaction 1 healthcare and IT 1
habit 1 hedonic motivation 1 institutional influences 1 interorganizational system 1
IT diffusion and adoption 1 Internet kiosk 1 intention 1 innovation characteristics 1
integrated model 1 IS continuance 1 information quality 1 ICT service innovation 1
ICT service management 1 infant mortality 1 job satisfaction 1 job control 1
job demands 1 latent growth modeling 1 Microsoft Usability Guidelines 1 motivation 1
modeling 1 multilevel 1 mobile Internet 1 Meta-inferences 1
mixed methods 1 multimethod 1 mobile data services 1 mobile applications 1
mobile application loyalty 1 mobility 1 Millennium Development Goals 1 network centrality 1
network density 1 nonlinear modeling 1 organizational inertia 1 offshoring 1
offline networks 1 Perceived Ease of Use 1 Playfulness 1 partnering synergy 1
process compatibility 1 personal computers 1 project management 1 price value 1
positivist 1 process characteris 1 personalization 1 public management 1
qualitative 1 quantitative 1 relational view of the firm 1 requirements uncertainty 1
relationship quality 1 response surface methodology 1 research design 1 research method 1
Self-Efficacy 1 software development 1 standards uncertainty 1 synergistic effects 1
social influences 1 social cognitive theory 1 social embeddedness 1 system implementation 1
social presence theory 1 service leadership 1 strategy complementarity 1 software use 1
survey instrument development 1 strong ties 1 teams 1 technology diffusion 1
training 1 technology characteristics 1 Task Closure Model 1 technology leadership 1
transparency 1 trust 1 unified model 1 Usability guidelines 1
UTAUT 1 Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT 1 UTAUT2) 1 unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 1
uncertainty reduction 1 Web Interface 1 wireless 1 work process 1
weak ties 1

Articles (31)

Managing Citizens Uncertainty in E-Government Services: The Mediating and Moderating Roles of Transparency and Trust (Information Systems Research, 2016)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper investigates how citizens' uncertainty in e-government services can be managed. First, we draw from uncertainty reduction theory, and propose that transparency and trust are two key means of reducing citizens' uncertainty in e-government services. Second, we identify two key sets of relevant drivers of e-government service use: (1) information quality characteristics, i.e., accuracy and completeness; and (2) channel characteristics, i.e., convenience and personalization. We propose that the means of uncertainty reduction, information quality characteristics, and channel characteristics are interrelated factors that jointly influence citizens' intentions to use e-government. We tested our model with 4,430 Hong Kong citizens' reactions to two e-government services: government websites and online appointment booking. Our results show that the information quality and channel characteristics predict citizens' intentions to use e-government. Furthermore, transparency and trust mediate as well as moderate the effects of information quality and channel characteristics on intentions. A follow-up survey found that citizens' intentions predict use and ultimately, citizens' satisfaction.
Combating Infant Mortality in Rural India: Evidence from a Field Study of eHealth Kiosk Imlementations (MIS Quarterly, 2016)
Authors: Abstract:
    The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals listed high infant mortality rates as a major problem in developing countries, especially in rural areas. Given the powerful information dissemination capabilities, information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been suggested as interventions to build infant care awareness and to modify healthcare behaviors. We examine how the use of one ICT interventionÑspecifically, eHealth kiosks disseminating authenticated and accessible medical informationÑcan alleviate the problem of high infant mortality in rural India. We investigate how mothers' social networks affect their use of eHealth kiosks, seeking professional medical care for their infants and, ultimately, infant mortality. Drawing on the social epidemiology and social networks literatures, we focus on advice and hindrance from both strong and weak ties as the conduit of social influence on mothers' health-related behaviors for the care of their infants. Over a period of 7 years, we studied 4,620 infants across 10 villages where the eHealth kiosks were implemented along with support resources for proxy use. The results revealed that (1) eHealth kiosk use promotes seeking professional medical care and reduces infant mortality, (2) mothers are especially vulnerable to hindrance from both strong and weak ties as they choose to maintain the status quo of traditional infant healthcare practices (e.g., reliance on untrained personnel, superstitions, fatalism) in villages, and (3) advice from both strong and weak ties offers the potential to break down misplaced beliefs about infant healthcare practices and to develop literacy on seeking professional medical care. In contrast, in a comparative group of 10 neighboring villages, the reduction in infant mortality was not as pronounced and the effect of professional medical care in reducing infant mortality was lower. Our findings suggest that an ICT intervention can effectively address one of society's most important problems (i.e., infant mortality) even in parts of the world with limited resources and deep suspicion of technology and change. Overall, we believe such an ICT intervention will complement other investments being made, including the facilitation of use (proxy use) and provision of professional medical facilities to reduce infant mortality.
Mobile Application Usability: Conceptualization and Instrument Development (MIS Quarterly, 2015)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper presents a mobile application usability conceptualization and survey instrument following the 10-step procedure recommended by MacKenzie et al. (2011). Specifically, we adapted Apple's user experience guidelines to develop our conceptualization of mobile application usability that we then developed into 19 first-order constructs that formed 6 second-order constructs. To achieve our objective, we collected four datasets: content validity (n = 318), pretest (n = 440), validation (n = 408), and cross-validation (n = 412). The nomological validity of this instrument was established by examining its impact on two outcomes: continued intention to use and mobile application loyalty. We found that the constructs that represented our mobile application usability conceptualization were good predictors of both outcomes and compared favorably to an existing instrument based on Microsoft's usability guidelines. In addition to being an exemplar of the recent procedure of MacKenzie et al. to validate an instrument, this work provides a rich conceptualization of an instrument for mobile application usability that can serve as a springboard for future work to understand the impacts of mobile application usability and can be used as a guide to design effective mobile applications.
Effects of ICT Service Innovation and Complementary Strategies on Brand Equity and Customer Loyalty in a Consumer Technology Market (Information Systems Research, 2014)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper examines the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) service innovation and its complementary strategies on brand equity and customer loyalty toward ICT service providers. We draw from research on brand equity and customer loyalty, ICT innovation management, and strategy complementarity to propose a model that includes new constructs representing ICT service innovation, i.e., service leadership, and its two complementary strategies, i.e., customization-personalization control and technology leadership, and how their interactions influence customer loyalty through customer-based brand equity. We test our model using data from an online survey of 1,210 customers of mobile data services. The results show that service leadership and customization-personalization control have significant direct impacts on ICT service providers' brand equity. Moreover, when either the level of technology leadership or the level of customization-personalization control is high, the impact of service leadership on brand equity is enhanced. In turn, brand equity has significant impacts on consumers' affective loyalty and conative loyalty, but not on cognitive loyalty. Our study contributes to the literature on service management and service science, and in particular to the management of ICT service innovation in a consumer technology market.
Enterprise System Implementation and Employee Job Performance: Understanding the Role of Advice Networks (MIS Quarterly, 2014)
Authors: Abstract:
    The implementation of enterprise systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, alters business processes and associated workflows, and introduces new software applications that employees must use. Employees frequently find such technology-enabled organizational change to be a major challenge. Although many challenges related to such changes have been discussed in prior work, little research has focused on post-implementation job outcomes of employees affected by such change. We draw from social network theory— specifically, advice networks—to understand a key post-implementation job outcome (i.e., job performance). We conducted a study among 87 employees, with data gathered before and after the implementation of an ERP system module in a business unit of a large organization. We found support for our hypotheses that workflow advice and software advice are associated with job performance. Further, as predicted, we found that the interactions of workflow and software get-advice, workflow and software give-advice, and software get- and give-advice were associated with job performance. This nuanced treatment of advice networks advances our understanding of post-implementation success of enterprise systems.
Expectation Confirmation in Information Systems Research: A Test of Six Competing Models (MIS Quarterly, 2014)
Authors: Abstract:
    Expectation confirmation research in general, and in information systems (IS) in particular, has produced conflicting results. In this paper, we discuss six different models of expectation confirmation: assimilation, contrast, generalized negativity, assimilation-contrast, experiences only, and expectations only. Relying on key constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM), we test each of these six models that suggests different roles for expectations and experiences of the key predictor—here, perceived usefulness—and their impacts on key outcomes—here, behavioral intention, use, and satisfaction. Data were collected in a field study from 1,113 participants at two points in time. Using polynomial modeling and response surface analysis, we provide the analytical representations for each of the six models and empirically test them to demonstrate that the assimilation-contrast is the best existing model in terms of its ability to explain the relationships between expectations and experiences of perceived usefulness and important dependent variables—namely, behavioral intention, use, and satisfaction—in individual-level research on IS implementations.
Digital Divide Initiative Success in Developing Countries: A Longitudinal Field Study in a Village in India. (Information Systems Research, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Digital divide initiatives in developing countries are an important avenue for the socioeconomic advancement of those countries. Yet little research has focused on understanding the success of such initiatives. We develop a model of technology use and economic outcomes of digital divide initiatives in developing countries. We use social networks as the guiding theoretical lens because it is well suited to this context, given the low literacy, high poverty, high collectivism, and an oral tradition of information dissemination in developing countries. We test our model with longitudinal data gathered from 210 families in a rural village in India in the context of a digital divide initiative. As theorized, we found that the social network constructs contributed significantly to the explanation of technology use (R<sup>2</sup> D 0039). Also as we predicted, technology use partially mediated the effect of social network constructs on economic outcomes (R<sup>2</sup> D0047). We discuss implications for theory and practice.
BRIDGING THE QUALITATIVE-QUANTITATIVE DIVIDE: GUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING MIXED METHODS RESEARCH IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Mixed methods research is an approach that combines quantitative and qualitative research methods in the same research inquiry. Such work can help develop rich insights into various phenomena of interest that cannot be fully understood using only a quantitative or a qualitative method. Notwithstanding the benefits and repeated calls for such work, there is a dearth of mixed methods research in information systems. Building on the literature on recent methodological advances in mixed methods research, we develop a set of guidelines for conducting mixed methods research in IS. We particularly elaborate on three important aspects of conducting mixed methods research: (1) appropriateness of a mixed methods approach; (2) development of meta-inferences (i.e., substantive theory) from mixed methods research; and (3) assessment of the quality of meta-inferences (i.e., validation of mixed methods research). The applicability of these guidelines is illustrated using two published IS papers that used mixed methods.
LEVERAGING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: HOW INFORMATION QUALITY LEADS TO LOCALIZED CAPABILITIES AND CUSTOMER SERVICE PERFORMANCE. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    With the growing recognition of the customer's role in service creation and delivery, there is an increased impetus on building customer-centric organizations. Digital technologies play a key role in such organizations. Prior research studying digital business strategies has largely focused on building production-side competencies and there has been little focus on customer-side digital business strategies to leverage these technologies. We propose a theory to understand the effectiveness of a customer-side digital business strategy focused on localized dynamics-here, a firm's customer service units (CSUs). Specifically, we use a capabilities perspective to propose digital design as an antecedent to two customer service capabilities-namely, customer orientation capability and customer response capability-across a firm's CSUs. These two capabilities will help a firm to locally sense and respond to customer needs, respectively. Information quality from the digital design of the CSU is proposed as the antecedent to the two capabilities. Proposed capability-building dynamics are tested using data collected from multiple respondents across 170 branches of a large bank. Findings suggest that the impacts of information quality in capability-building are contingent on the local process characteristics. We offer implications for a firm's customer-side digital business strategy and present new areas for future examination of such strategies.
EXPLAINING EMPLOYEE JOB PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF ONLINE AND OFFLINE WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    By distinguishing between employees' online and offline workplace communication networks, this paper incorporates technology into social network theory to understand employees' job performance. Specifically, we conceptualize network ties as direct and indirect ties in both online and offline workplace communication networks, thus resulting in four distinct types of ties. We theorize that employees' ties in online and offline workplace communication networks are complementary resources that interact to influence their job performance. We found support for our model in a field study among 104 employees in a large telecommunication company. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.
CHANGES IN EMPLOYEES' JOB CHARACTERISTICS DURING AN ENTERPRISE SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION: A LATENT GROWTH MODELING PERSPECTIVE. (MIS Quarterly, 2013)
Authors: Abstract:
    Enterprise system implementations often create tension in organizations. On the one hand, these systems can provide significant operational and strategic benefits. On the other hand, implementation of these systems is risky and a source of major disruptions. In particular, employees experience significant changes in their work environment during an implementation. Although the relationship between ES implementations and employees' jobs has been noted in prior research, there is limited research on the nature, extent, determinants, and outcomes of changes in employees' job characteristics following an ES implementation. This paper develops and tests a model, termed the job characteristics change model (JCCM), that posits that employees will experience substantial changes in two job characteristics (i.e., job demands and job control) during the shakedown phase (i.e., immediately after the rollout) of an ES implementation. These changes are theorized to be predicted by work process characteristics, namely perceived process complexity, perceived process rigidity, and perceived process radicalness, that in turn will be influenced by technology characteristics (i.e., perceived technology complexity, perceived technology reconfigurability, and perceived technology customization). JCCM further posits that changes in job characteristics will influence employees' job satisfaction. Longitudinal field studies conducted in two organizations (N = 281 and 141 respectively) provided support for the model. The scientific and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Expectation Confirmation in Technology Use. (Information Systems Research, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    We propose a model to study expectation confirmation in information systems. The proposed model is based on the assimilation-contrast model and prospect theory, and suggests that both are needed to account for the magnitude and direction of the deviations between experiences and expectations. Using the technology acceptance model's (TAM) primary construct-namely, perceived usefulness-expectations and experiences were conceptualized and operationalized to test our model. Data were collected in a field study from 1,113 participants at two points in time. Using polynomial modeling and response surface analysis, we demonstrated that our model offers a good explanation of the relationship among information systems expectations, experiences, and use. We discuss theoretical and practical implications.
Adoption and Impacts of Interorganizational Business Process Standards: Role of Partnering Synergy. (Information Systems Research, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    Notwithstanding potential benefits, such as quality of interorganizational relationships and operational and strategic gains, adoption of information technology (IT)-enabled interorganizational business process standards (IBPS) is still limited. Given that these standards are designed for interorganizational business processes, we suggest that adoption of these standards depends not only on the factors pertinent to a focal firm but also on factors that represent synergies between a focal firm and its trading partners. In this paper, building on the technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) framework and interorganizational theories, we propose a model that postulates that a set of TOE factors will have synergistic effects (i.e., interactions between a focal firm's and its partner's factors) on IBPS adoption. We tested our model in a study of 248 firms (124 dyads) in the high-tech industry implementing RosettaNet-based IBPS and found that three TOE factors (i.e., process compatibility, standards uncertainty, and technology readiness) had synergistic effects and two factors (i.e., expected benefits and relational trust) had direct effects on IBPS adoption. We also found that IBPS adoption led to greater relationship quality (i.e., partnering satisfaction) and operational efficiency (i.e., cycle time). Further, we found that IBPS adoption mediated the effect of TOE factors on partnering satisfaction and cycle time.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: EXTENDING THE UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY. (MIS Quarterly, 2012)
Authors: Abstract:
    This paper extends the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to study acceptance and use of technology in a consumer context. Our proposed UTAUT2 incorporates three constructs into UTAUT:hedonic motivation, price value, and habit. Individual differences-namely, age, gender, and experience-are hypohthesized to moderate the effects of these constructs on behavioral intention and technology use. Result from a two-stage online survey, with technology use data collected four months after the first survey, of 1,512mobile Internet consumers supported our model. Compared to UTAUT, the extensions proposed in UTAUT2produced a substantial improvement in the variance explained in behavioral intention (56 percent to 74percent) and technology use (40 percent to 52 percent). The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
"Doctors Do Too Little Technology": A Longitudinal Field Study of an Electronic Healthcare System Implementation. (Information Systems Research, 2011)
Authors: Abstract:
    With the strong ongoing push toward investment in and deployment of electronic healthcare (e-healthcare) systems, understanding the factors that drive the use of such systems and the consequences of using such systems is of scientific and practical significance. Elaborate training in new e-healthcare systems is not a luxury that is typically available to healthcare professionals—i.e., doctors, paraprofessionals (e.g., nurses) and administrative personnel—because of the 24×7 nature and criticality of operations of healthcare organizations, especially hospitals, thus making peer interactions and support a key driver of or barrier to such e-healthcare system use. Against this backdrop, using social networks as a theoretical lens, this paper presents a nomological network related to e-healthcare system use. A longitudinal study of an e-healthcare system implementation, with data gathered from doctors, paraprofessionals, administrative personnel, patients, and usage logs lent support to the hypotheses that: (1) ingroup and outgroup ties to doctors negatively affect use in all user groups; (2) ingroup and outgroup ties to paraprofessionals and administrative personnel positively affect use in both those groups, but have no effect on doctors' use; and (3) use contributes positively to patient satisfaction mediated by healthcare quality variables—i.e., technical quality, communication, interpersonal interactions, and time spent. This work contributes to the theory and practice related to the success of e-healthcare system use in particular, and information systems in general.
Predicting Collaboration Technology Use: Integrating Technology Adoption and Collaboration Research. (Journal of Management Information Systems, 2010)
Authors: Abstract:
    The paper presents a model integrating theories from collaboration research (i.e., social presence theory, channel expansion theory, and the task closure model) with a recent theory from technology adoption research (i.e., unified theory of acceptance and use of technology, abbreviated to UTAUT) to explain the adoption and use of collaboration technology. We theorize that collaboration technology characteristics, individual and group characteristics, task characteristics, and situational characteristics are predictors of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions in UTAUT. We further theorize that the UTAUT constructs, in concert with gender, age, and experience, predict intention to use a collaboration technology, which in turn predicts use. We conducted two field studies in Finland among (1) 349 short message service (SMS) users and (2) 447 employees who were potential users of a new collaboration technology in an organization. Our model was supported in both studies. The current work contributes to research by developing and testing a technology-specific model of adoption in the collaboration context.
JOB CHARACTERISTICS AND JOB SATISFACTION: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION. (MIS Quarterly, 2010)
Authors: Abstract:
    Little research has examined the impacts of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems implementation on job satisfaction. Based on a 12-month study of 2,794 employees in a telecommunications firm, we found that ERP system implementation moderated the relationships between three job characteristics (skill variety, autonomy, and feedback) and job satisfaction. Our findings highlight the key role that ERP system implementation can have in altering well-established relationships in the context of technology-enabled organizational change situations. This work also extends research on technology diffusion by moving beyond a focus on technology-centric outcomes, such as system use, to understanding broader job outcomes.
EXPECTATION DISCONFIRMATION AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: POLYNOMIAL MODELING AND RESPONSE SURFACE ANALYSIS. (MIS Quarterly, 2010)
Authors: Abstract:
    Individual-level information systems adoption research has recently seen the introduction of expectation-disconfirmation theory (EDT) to explain how and why user reactions change over time. This prior research has produced valuable insights into the phenomenon of technology adoption beyond traditional models, such as the technology acceptance model. First, we identify gaps in EDT research that present potential opportunities for advances--specifically, we discuss methodological and analytical limitations in EDT research in information systems and present polynomial modeling and response surface methodology as solutions. Second, we draw from research on cognitive dissonance, realistic job preview, and prospect theory to present a polynomial model of expectation-disconfirmation in information systems. Finally, we test our model using data gathered over a period of 6 months among 1,143 employees being introduced to a new technology. The results confirmed our hypotheses that disconfirmation in general was bad, as evidenced by low behavioral intention to continue using a system for both positive and negative disconfirmation, thus supporting the need for a polynomial model to understand expectation disconfirmation in information systems.
A Control Theory Perspective on Agile Methodology Use and Changing User Requirements. (Information Systems Research, 2009)
Authors: Abstract:
    In this paper, we draw on control theory to understand the conditions under which the use of agile practices is most effective in improving software project quality. Although agile development methodologies offer the potential of improving software development outcomes, limited research has examined how project managers can structure the software development environment to maximize the benefits of agile methodology use during a project. As a result, project managers have little guidance on how to manage teams who are using agile methodologies. Arguing that the most effective control modes are those that provide teams with autonomy in determining the methods for achieving project objectives, we propose hypotheses related to the interaction between control modes, agile methodology use, and requirements change. We test the model in a field study of 862 software developers in 110 teams. The model explains substantial variance in four objective measures of project quality—bug severity, component complexity, coordinative complexity, and dynamic complexity. Results largely support our hypotheses, highlighting the interplay between project control, agile methodology use, and requirements change. The findings contribute to extant literature by integrating control theory into the growing literature on agile methodology use and by identifying specific contingencies affecting the efficacy of different control modes. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our results.
MODEL OF ACCEPTANCE WITH PEER SUPPORT: A SOCIAL NETWORK PERSPECTIVE TO UNDERSTAND EMPLOYEES' SYSTEM USE. (MIS Quarterly, 2009)
Authors: Abstract:
    Prior research has extensively studied individual adoption and use of information systems, primarily using beliefs as predictors of behavioral intention to use a system that in turn predicts system use. We propose a model of acceptance with peer support (MAPS) that integrates prior individual-level research with social networks constructs. We argue that an individual's embeddedness in the social network of the organizational unit implementing a new information system can enhance our understanding of technology use. An individual's coworkers can be important sources of help in overcoming knowledge barriers constraining use of a complex system, and such interactions with others can determine an employee's ability to influence eventual system configuration and features. We incorporate network density (reflecting "get-help" ties for an employee) and network centrality (reflecting "give-help" ties for an employee), drawn from prior social network research, as key predictors of system use. Further, we conceptualize valued network density and valued network centrality, both of which take into account ties to those with relevant system-related information, knowledge, and resources, and employ them as additional predictors. We suggest that these constructs together are coping and influencing pathways by which they have an effect on system use. We conducted a 3-month long study of 87 employees in one business unit in an organization. The results confirmed our theory that social network constructs can significantly enhance our understanding of system use over and above predictors from prior individual-level adoption research.
OFFSHORE INFORMATION SYSTEMS PROJECT SUCCESS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL EMBEDDEDNESS AND CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS. (MIS Quarterly, 2009)
Authors: Abstract:
    Agency theory has served as a key basis for identifying drivers of offshore information system project success. Consequently, the role of relational factors in driving project success has been overlooked in this literature. In this paper, we address this gap by integrating the social embeddedness perspective and the culture literature to theorize how and why relational factors affect the success of offshore IS projects that are strategic in nature. We identify organizational and interpersonal cultural differences as critical success factors in this context. Using data from a longitudinal field study of 155 offshore IS projects managed by 22 project leaders, we found evidence of a relationship between hypothesized relational factors and two measures of offshore IS project success—namely, project cost overruns and client satisfaction—over and above the effects of project characteristics and agency factors. Specifically, we found that information exchange, joint problem solving, and trust reduce project cost overruns and improve client satisfaction. We also found a relationship between cultural differences at the organizational and team level, and offshore IS project success. The model explained 40 percent and 41 percent of the variance in project cost overruns and client satisfaction, respectively, for projects with a client representative. For projects with no client representative, the model explained 35 percent and 37 percent of the variance in project cost overruns and client satisfaction, respectively. Collectively, the results have important theoretical and practical implications for how client- vendor relationships should be managed when partnering with offshore firms and designing offshore IS project teams.
PREDICTING DIFFERENT CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF SYSTEM USE: THE COMPETING ROLES OF BEHAVIORAL INTENTION, FACILITATING CONDITIONS, AND BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATION. (MIS Quarterly, 2008)
Authors: Abstract:
    Employees' underutilization of new information systems undermines organizations' efforts to gain benefits from such systems. The two main predictors of individual-level system use in prior research--behavioral intention and facilitating conditions--have limitations that we discuss. We introduce behavioral expectation as a predictor that addresses some of the key limitations and provides a better understanding of system use. System use is examined in terms of three key conceptualizations: duration, frequency, and intensity. We develop a model that employs behavioral intention, facilitating conditions, and behavioral expectation as predictors of the three conceptualizations of system use. We argue that each of these three determinants play different roles in predicting each of the three conceptualizations of system use. We test the proposed model in the context of a longitudinal field study of 321 users of a new information system. The model explains 65 percent, 60 percent, and 60 percent of the variance in duration, frequency, and intensity of system use respectively. We offer theoretical and practical implications for our findings.
Assimilation of Interorganizational Business Process Standards. (Information Systems Research, 2007)
Authors: Abstract:
    Organizations have not fully realized the benefits of interorganizational relationships (IORs) due to the lack of cross-enterprise process integration capabilities. Recently, interorganizational business process standards (IBPS) enabled by information technology (IT) have been suggested as a solution to help organizations overcome this problem. Drawing on three theoretical perspectives, i.e., the relational view of the firm, institutional theory, and organizational inertia theory, we propose three mechanisms—relational, influence, and inertial—to explain the assimilation of IBPS in organizations. We theorize that these mechanisms will have differential effects on the assimilation of IBPS in dominant and nondominant firms. Using a cross-case analysis based on data from 11 firms in the high-tech industry, we found evidence to support our propositions that relational depth, relationship extendability, and normative pressure were important for dominant firms while relational specificity and influence mechanisms (coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures) were important for nondominant firms. Inertial mechanisms, i.e., ability and willingness to overcome resource and routine rigidities, were important for both dominant and nondominant firms.
WEB AND WIRELESS SITE USABILITY: UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES AND MODELING USE. (MIS Quarterly, 2006)
Authors: Abstract:
    Recent research has presented a conceptualization, metric, and instrument based on Microsoft Usability Guidelines (MUG; see Agarwal and Venkatesh 2002). In this paper, we use MUG to further our understanding of web and wireless site use. We conducted two empirical studies among over 1,000 participants. In study 1, conducted in both the United States and Finland, we establish the generalizability of the MUG conceptualization, metric, and associated instrument from the United States to Finland. In study 2, which involved longitudinal data collection in Finland, we delved into an examination of differences in factors important in determining web versus wireless site usability. Also, in study 2, based on a follow-up survey about site use conducted 3 months after the initial survey, we found support for a model of site use that employs the MUG categories and subcategories as predictors. The MUG-based model outperformed the widely employed technology acceptance model both in terms of richness and variance explained (about 70 percent compared to 50 percent).
MODEL OF ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY IN HOUSEHOLDS: A BASELINE MODEL TEST AND EXTENSION INCORPORATING HOUSEHOLD LIFE CYCLE. (MIS Quarterly, 2005)
Authors: Abstract:
    Individual adoption of technology has been studied extensively in the workplace. Far less attention has been paid to adoption of technology in the household. In this paper, we performed the first quantitative test of the recently developed model of adoption of technology in households (MATH). Further, we proposed and tested a theoretical extension of MATH by arguing that key demographic characteristics that vary across different life cycle stages would play moderating roles. Survey responses were collected from 746 U.S. households that had not yet adopted a personal computer. The results showed that the integrated model, including MATH constructs and life cycle characteristics, explained 74 percent of the variance in intention to adopt a PC for home use, a significant increase over baseline MATH that explained 50 percent of the variance. Finally, we compared the importance of various factors across household life cycle stages and gained a more refined understanding of the moderating role of household life cycle stage.
USER ACCEPTANCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: TOWARD A UNIFIED VIEW. (MIS Quarterly, 2003)
Authors: Abstract:
    Information technology (IT) acceptance research has yielded many competing models, each with different sets of acceptance determinants. In this paper, we (1) review user acceptance literature and discuss eight prominent models, (2) empirically compare the eight models and their extensions, (3) formulate a unified model that integrates elements across the eight models, and (4) empirically validate the unified model. The eight models reviewed are the theory of reasoned action, the technology acceptance model, the motivational model, the theory of planned behavior, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior, the model of PC utilization, the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory. Using data from four organizations over a six-month period with three points of measurement, the eight models explained between 17 percent and 53 percent of the variance in user intentions to use information technology. Next, a unified model, called the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), was formulated, with four core determinants of intention and usage, and up to four moderators of key relationships. UTAUT was then tested using the original data and found to outperform the eight individual models (adjusted R[sup 2] of 69 percent). UTAUT was then confirmed with data from two new organizations with similar results (adjusted R[sup 2] of 70 percent). UTAUT thus provides a useful tool for managers needing to assess the likelihood of success for new technology introductions and helps them understand the drivers of acceptance in order to proactively design interventions (including training, marketing, etc.) targeted at populations of users that may be less inclined to adopt and use new systems. The paper also makes several recommendations for future research including developing a deeper understanding of the dynamic influences studied here, refining measurement of the core constructs used in UTAUT, and understanding the organizational outcomes associated with new technology use.
Assessing a Firm's Web Presence: A Heuristic Evaluation Procedure for the Measurement of Usability. (Information Systems Research, 2002)
Authors: Abstract:
    Web site usability is a critical metric for assessing the quality of a firm's Web presence. A measure of usability must not only provide a global rating for a specific Web site, ideally it should also illuminate specific strengths and weaknesses associated with site design. In this paper, we describe a heuristic evaluation procedure for examining the usability guidelines developed by Microsoft. We present the categories and subcategories comprising these guidelines, and discuss the development of an instrument that operationalizes the measurement of usability. The proposed instrument was tested in a heuristic evaluation study where 1,475 users rated multiple Web sites from four different industry sectors: airlines, online bookstores, automobile manufacturers, and car rental agencies. To enhance the external validity of the study, users were asked to assume the role of a consumer or an investor when assessing usability. Empirical results suggest that the evaluation procedure, the instrument, as well as the usability metric exhibit good properties. Implications of the findings for researchers, for Web site designers, and for heuristic evaluation methods in usability testing are offered.
A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS IN HOMES: ADOPTION DETERMINANTS AND EMERGING CHALLENGES. (MIS Quarterly, 2001)
Authors: Abstract:
    While technology adoption in the workplace has been studied extensively, drivers of adoption in homes have been largely overlooked. This paper presents the results of a nation-wide, two-wave, longitudinal investigation of the factors driving personal computer (PC) adoption in American homes. The findings revealed that the decisions driving adoption and non-adoption were significantly different. Adopters were driven by utilitarian outcomes, hedonic outcomes (i.e., fun), and social outcomes (i.e., status) from adoption. Non- adopters, on the other hand, were influenced primarily by rapid changes in technology and the consequent fear of obsolescence. A second wave of data collection conducted six months after the initial survey indicated an asymmetrical relationship between intent and behavior, with those who did not intend to adopt a PC following more closely with their intent than those who intended to adopt one. We present important implications for research on adoption of technologies in homes and the workplace, and also discuss challenges facing the PC industry.
Determinants of Perceived Ease of Use: Integrating Control, Intrinsic Motivation, and Emotion into the Technology Acceptance Model. (Information Systems Research, 2000)
Authors: Abstract:
    Much previous research has established that perceived ease of use is an important factor influencing user acceptance and. usage behavior of information technologies. However, very little research has been conducted to understand how that perception forms and changes over time. The current work presents and tests an anchoring and adjustment-based theoretical model of the determinants of system-specific perceived ease of use. The model proposes control (internal and external-conceptualized as computer sell-efficacy and facilitating conditions, respectively), intrinsic motivation. (conceptualized as computer playfulness), and emotion (conceptualized as computer anxiety) as anchors that determine early perceptions about the ease of use of a new system. With increasing experience, it is expected that system-specific perceived ease of use, while still anchored to the general beliefs regarding computers and computer use, will adjust to reflect objective usability, perceptions of external control specific to the new system environment, and system-specific perceived enjoyment. The proposed model was tested in three different organizations among 246 employees using three measurements taken over a three-month period. The proposed model was strongly supported at all points of measurement, and. explained up to 60% of the variance in system-specific perceived ease of use, which is twice as much as our current understanding. important theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
WHY DON'T MEN EVER STOP TO ASK FOR DIRECTIONS? GENDER, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, AND THEIR ROLE IN TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AND USAGE BEHAVIOR. (MIS Quarterly, 2000)
Authors: Abstract:
    Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this research investigated gender differences in the overlooked context of individual adoption and sustained usage of technology in the workplace. User reactions and technology usage behavior were studied over a five-month period among 342 workers being introduced to a new software system. At all three points of measurement, compared to women, men's technology usage decisions were more strongly influenced by their perceptions of usefulness. In contrast, women were more strongly influenced by perceptions of ease of use and subjective norm, although the effect of subjective norm diminished over time. These findings were robust even after statistically controlling for key confounding variables identified in prior organizational behavior research (i.e., income, occupation, and education levels), and another possible confound from technology research, prior experience with computers in general. Thus, in addition to identifying key boundary conditions in the role of the original TAM constructs (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), this research provides the basis for the integration of subjective norm into the model. In light of these findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed.
CREATION OF FAVORABLE USER PERCEPTIONS: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF INTRINSIC MOTIVATION. (MIS Quarterly, 1999)
Authors: Abstract:
    A key issue facing information systems researchers and practitioners has been the difficulty in creating favorable user reactions to new technologies. Insufficient or ineffective training has been identified as one of the key factors underlying this disappointing reality. Among the various enhancements to training being examined in research, the role of intrinsic motivation as a lever to create favorable user perceptions has not been sufficiently exploited. In this research, two studies were conducted to compare a traditional training method with a training method that included a component aimed at enhancing intrinsic motivation. The results strongly favored the use of an intrinsic motivator during training. Key implications for theory and practice are discussed.